The Connection of the Media and Chicana Activism in Cherrie Moraga’s Heroes and Saints - Literature Essay Samples

Heroes and Saints is a varicolored play that concentrates on different aspects of Chicana life and gender identity while also introduces the binary opposition of life and death. In a way, this Mexican/Chicana condition is represented through the character of Cerezita and her disability (Davies 37). The play is based on real events by resembling the tragedy of the real California town of McFarland. It depicts the life of a farming community in San Joaquin Valley where the Chicano/a community is poisoned by pesticides (Garza 27). The dead play an important role in this given community. By putting death in a central position, the play refutes the invisibility of this very phenomenon. Death becomes a meaningful asset for a social protest in the Chicano/a community, exactly by depicting it in a disturbing way, through the crucifixions. The crucifixions of the dead children stand for resistance against the government and refer to transformation within the community as well. In this way, th e dead and wounded are revealed as signs of oppression and social problems, as they are not buried, but shown as a public spectacle to raise attention. Disability has the same role as the dead bodies of these children. That is why the main character’s, Cerezita’s disability is a tool for depicting racial and gender oppression in the given Mexican community, while also focusing on their construction of a mixed Mestiza identity (Davies 30). According to these, through the crucifixions and by showing Cerezita’s disabled body, media attention is provided. Ana Pà ©rez, the journalist is depicted in the play as the outsider, but also as a means for gaining public attention. Cerezita wants to show these Chicano/a conditions to the outside world and in a way, achieve political consciousness as well. That is why acquiring public and media attention is strongly connected to Chicana activism in the play. First of all, one of the most important factors of the play is the question of visibility. As it was mentioned before, this is the main aim for Cerezita as she wants to achieve the attention of the outside world, so that the Anglo world around them would be able to know about the conditions of the Chicano/a community. Cerezita expresses that for activism and social justice movements, it is important to be recognized: â€Å"The trick is to be noticed† (Moraga 350). Father Juan agrees with her, as he also knows that recognition is the key for visibility. This recognition is strongly connected to the embodiment of Cerezita and how death is shown. Cerezita’s disability is not hidden but shown as a spectacle for the outside world that also brings media attention. In a way, it can create fear. On the other hand, it is also a voice of social revolution. That is why her tongue is the most important body part for the girl, as it symbolizes the power of speech and resistance (Mor aga 345). Her disability can be seen as a metaphor for a lot of phenomena, such as for the lack of physical agency in Chicano/a culture, for race and gender issues, for outsider status and alienation, for oppression, or even for the abuse of these Mexican workers through the pesticide poisoning. These phenomena result in the fact that the community, especially the women question their own identity and worth (Davies). Through this disability, she regains subjectivity and introduces the Chicano/a condition to the outsiders. Connecting the media platforms and Perez’s news reports to the happenings in the community is of importance, as all the previously mentioned phenomena would become noticeable and could amplify the Chicana voices. According to Vigil, even though the issues of visibility and activism are essential in the play, little attention is paid to the person by whom McLaughlin and its residents attain that recognition – Ana Pà ©rez, the reporter (Vigil 87). Through Pà ©rez’s character, the real events of McFarland are connected to what the residents of McLaughlin went through in the story: â€Å"The town has seen the sudden death of numerous children, as well as a high incidence of birth defects† (Moraga 334). Even though, these tragic events were broadcast in a neutral manner, death is not the only phenomenon that can be taken away from the news reports. Resistance and activism also come into the picture. Social protest is staged in the play and is firstly shown by the manner of how the community treats its dead. This is the phenomenon that attracts Ana Pà ©rez at first, too. In this way, â€Å"the staging of death theatricalizes violence in order to enunciate visibility† (Mayorga qtd. in Vigil 90). After a while, journalism becomes activism as the reports show the most important factors in connection with the poisoning of and disabilities in the community, from even a political point of view. According to Vigil, the character of the reporter brings important questions with itself, while also creates a connection between â€Å"media representation, visibility, political power, and social change† (Vigil 90). The broadcasts themselves are given in a way that does not show any other side to the events except for the Mexican community’s point of view. Considering these, Pà ©rez can be seen as a counterpoint to the mainstream broadcasting methods in the US. However, this is not entirely true as Pà ©rez fails to recognize the crucifixions as prevalent means to stand for resistance. This mainly puts her into the outsider, the mainstream. In spite of her way of thinking and reflecting on the events, her very character in itself is a means for achieving media attention and for representing social change for the Chicano/a community. Therefore, even though she stands for liability and for inability to see the whole picture through the violent method of offering the bo dies for public spectacle, she is also something different than the usual ways of representation. Moreover, at the same time, the play introduces the concept of â€Å"critical witnessing†. That is when â€Å"playwrights constitute the audience not just as viewers but as co-witnesses, who may participate in enacting social justice† (Là ³pez qtd. in Vigil 96). This participation process starts at the very beginning when the reader sees the bodies and gets a sense of knowledge in connection with the Chicano/a community living there. Besides death and wanting to achieve attention, a lot more topics are addressed in the play, but in some ways, all of them are connected through the image of the body. The body can relate to every aspect represented. That is why the public display is so important. In this way, effectiveness cannot be questioned. For starters, attention is certainly provided by Pà ©rez, then by all of the outsiders who watch the news broadcasts. Thus, whether it can create grounds for social change remains the only point on the agenda. Furthermore, the question of interpretation is also of huge importance, since interpretation is also a key phenomenon for acquiring attention. Through interpreting the media broadcasts, people also interpret the meaning of the bodies at display (Vigil 96). This can be one way to interrupt the normal state of power relations and balance it or even displace it, so that it benefits the Chicano/a community. While considering death as an end-result, the people who are familiar with the latest news, also take the situation of those local people and farmlands into account. That is why the given information is crucial, as social change cannot be implemented without knowledge and proper representation. The means can be the method of the representation – the news by Anà ¡ Perez –, but also the violent behavior of the people from the community. Here, violence is shown towards the dead so that through them, the community can fight for visibility and against more sickness and death . This appears at the very beginning and at the end of the play as well, with which the play offers different grounds for justice towards the Chicano/a community and also â€Å"seeks to make violence against a community visible through strategic images that stage their violation† (Mayoraga qtd. in Vigil 96). Throughout the play, other social issues are also portrayed, yet, the image of the dead or disabled body keeps reoccurring. Therefore, the connection of this image and its media portrayal is crucial: â€Å"crucifixions performed in what seems to be a kind of ritualized protest against the dying of McLaughlin children† (Moraga 334). Through this, it can be stated that one of the most important features of the entire play is placed in the very beginning: news broadcasts. This excerpt depicts what the character of Ana Pà ©rez represents from the Chicana point of view. In a sense, Chicana women do not have a voice, so Pà ©rez’s media news segments give the exact means for reaching that voice. Of course, this voice is the voice of an outsider that cannot participate or fully understand what is going on in the given community; still, using the above mentioned image of the bodies, the reporter is able to offer a kind of insider point of view to be seen and heard. This media coverage, of course is not a thorough or precise representation of the Chicana situation, but it is a tool for reaching visibility and it could also become the ground for protests and social change. For some characters, such as Cerezita or Dona Amparo, social change is the highest ranking point to achieve on the agenda. Therefore, they see the opportunity in the character of the journalist. As even if Pà ©rez has to conform to society, and make a commitment to the public, her appearance and her news broadcasts happen to be the best solution for recognition that the community seeks to achieve. Considering this, the method Pà ©rez is using is not the most important factor as the fact that news are circulated about the local people is – in a way –enough for causing some change in the life of the poisoned and unrecognized Chicano/a community. Thus, of course, the reports have to comply with the public’s expectations from the outside, they also uncover the poisoning and hold someone accountable for it. Moreover, the means of representation also puts the character of Pà ©rez into an â€Å"in between† position, since she is obviously from the outside, but she wants to achieve the status of a Latina journalist as well by broadcasting news about the Chicano/a community. However, unfortunately, her own circumstance is also not that easy as she has to take other interests into consideration and has to adapt to the outside world’s expectations and pressures, too (Vigil 100). According to the above mentioned, language is important not just from Cerezita’s point of view but from the journalist’s too. It is based on the fact, that language as an agency is missing from the Chicano/a community’s life. Therefore, through the reports, language can be seen as the major source of attention that can eventually lead to a possible positive outcome if we consider the goals of Chicana activism. This is because the reports focus on providing attention to injustice in connection with the community. Furthermore, the very last paragraphs and lines of the play point out two different interpretations of the ending: Pà ©rez joins to the protestors and the acquired attention is achieved, or the exact opposite. This is shown when during the very end, when Cerezita sacrifices herself, Pà ©rez is not talking. According to Vigil, this may refer to the fact that â€Å"Pà ©rez may be turning her back on a media industry that has turned its back on Latina/os † (Vigil 106). In Vigil’s critical paper, it is suggested that â€Å"representative media† would be a good solution for achieving the goals of the Chicana activism. It refers to the fact that media should â€Å"give meaning† to social discourse, in a way (Vigil 109.) In the play, the media’s role is of importance and the difficulties that any kind of media platforms have to face with when broadcasting news about issues like the Chicana community in McLaughlin has to survive, is not excluded either; especially when political aims are at display. That is why media has to show the violence and its exact representation in the Chicana/o community to produce broadcasts and material that may have an effect on people, no matter which community’s part they are. Works Cited and Consulted Davies, Telory W. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Disability: Cherrà ­e Moraga’s Bodiless Head.† Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, vol. 21, no. 1, 2006, pp. 29–44. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,uiddb=mzhAN=2007443711site=eds-live. Accessed 8 March, 2019. Garza, Marà ­a Alicia C. â€Å"High Crimes Against the Flesh: The Embodiment of Violent Otherization in Cherrà ­e Moragas ‘Heroes and Saints.’† Letras Femeninas, vol. 30, no. 1, 2004, pp. 26–39. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23021419. Accessed 31 March, 2019. Greenberg, Linda Margarita. â€Å"Learning from the Dead: Wounds, Women, and Activism in Cherrà ­e Moragas ‘Heroes and Saints.’† MELUS, vol. 34, no. 1, 2009, pp. 163–184. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20485363. Accessed 8 March, 2019. Mayorga, Irma. â€Å"Invisibility’s Contusions: Violence in Cherrà ­e Moraga’s Heroes and Saints and The Hungry Woman and Luis Valdez’s Zoot Suit.† Violence in American Drama: Essays on Its Staging, Meanings, and Effects, edited by Alfonso Ceballos Muà ±oz et al., McFarland, 2011, pp. 157–171. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,uiddb=mzhAN=2012280963site=eds-live. Accessed 31 March, 2019. Moraga, Cherrie. Heroes and Saints. Contemporary Plays by Women of Color, edited by Kathy A. Perkins and Roberta Uno, Routledge, 1996, pp. 332-375. Vigil, Ariana E. â€Å"The End(s) of Representation: Media and Activism in Cherrie Moraga’s Heroes and Saints.† Aztlà ¡n: A Journal of Chicano Studies, vol. 41, no. 1, Spring 2016, pp. 85-113. University of California Regents, https://www.academia.edu/24999184/The_End_s_of_Representation_Media_and_Activism_in_Cherr%C3%ADe_Moragas_Heroes_and_Saints. Accessed 31 March, 2019.

Childhood Obesity Essay - 1654 Words

What is obesity? Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual’s ideal body weight, and morbidly obese is when the body fat is 40% or higher. More recent guidelines for obesity uses a measurement called BMI (body mass index), which is the individual’s weight, multiplied by 703 and then divided by twice the height in inches. BMI of 25.9-29 is considered overweight; BMI over 30 is considered obese. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of illness, disability and death. The Free Dictionary by Farlex (2008) Obesity is becoming more and more common among younger children. According to Dr. William Dietz, a pediatrician at Tufts University of Medicine, 1 in 5 American children are obese. 70%†¦show more content†¦The number of fast food places has become much more prevalent today. There is practically a Macdonald’s or Dunkin Donuts on every corner. A lot of families eat from fast food places because the food tast es good and it is convenient. 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How Kings First Rule The People If Israel After The Period...

In this essay, I will discuss how kings first come to rule the people if Israel after the period of the judges. I will examine the reign of each of the three kings. I will explain in detail how their kingdoms enjoyed prosperity when they were obedient to God but how their kingdoms collapsed when they turned from God. Although the prophet Samuel warned the people of Israel against the evils of kingship, the people of Israel did not heed his warnings. Ultimately, in 931 B.C. the rule of the kings of the united Israel would end in the division of the kingdom. How did kings come to rule Israel? We are told that during the time of Samuel, the people of Israel really wanted a king. All of the nations around Israel had a king, a man to lead them into battle. As Samuel grew old, he made his sons Joel and Abijah judges. However, Samuel’s sons did not exhibit the same Godly behavior that their father displayed. Instead, Samuel’s sons â€Å"turned aside after dishonest gain and accepted bribes and perverted justice†. (1 Samuel 8:3 NIV) Due to the actions of Samuel’s sons and Israel’s desire to be like the other nations, they requested a human king, effectively rejecting God’s kingship over them and ending the time of the judges. Samuel explains the evils of kingship to the people of Israel, but to no avail. Israel’s heart is set on an earthly king. The choice for the first king was Saul. However, why was Saul chosen, and, ultimately, why was he rejected? The book â€Å"The Essence of the OldShow MoreRelated The Lust For Power: How Politics And Personal Relations Become One2578 Words   |  11 Pages The Lust For Power: How Politics and Personal Relations Become One nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The stories of the Bible reveal a pattern of â€Å"ups and downs† for the nation of Israel. 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Maryland Colony History and Timeline

The Province of Maryland—also known as the Maryland Colony—was founded in 1632 as a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti-Catholic persecution in Europe. The colony was established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (also known as Lord Baltimore), who also governed the Colony of Newfoundland and the Province of Avalon. The Maryland Colonys first settlement was St. Marys City, which was built along the Chesapeake Bay. It was the first settlement in the New World to guarantee religious freedom for all Trinitarian Christians. Fast Facts: Maryland Colony The Maryland Colony was founded in 1632 after its charter was approved by King Charles I. It was a proprietary colony of Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore.Like other settlements in the New World, the Maryland Colony was established as a religious refuge. Although it was created as a haven for English Catholics, many of the original settlers were Protestants.In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, the first law in the New World designed to encourage religious tolerance. Who Founded Maryland? The idea for an English colony along the Chesapeake Bay where Catholics could live and worship in peace came from  George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. In 1632, he received a charter from King Charles I to found a colony east of the Potomac River. That same year, Lord Baltimore died, and the charter was given to his son, Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. The first settlers of the Maryland Colony included a mix of about 200 Catholics and Protestants who had been promised land grants; they arrived on the ships the Ark and the Dove. A stamp depicting the Ark and the Dove. traveler1116 / Getty Images Why Was Maryland Founded? Following the Protestant Reformation, Europe experienced a series of religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries. In England, Catholics faced widespread discrimination; for example, they were not allowed to hold public office, and in 1666 they were blamed for the Great Fire of London. The first Lord Baltimore, a proud Catholic, envisioned the Maryland Colony as a place where English people would have religious freedom. He also wished to found the colony for economic gain. Sir Anthony Van Dycks painting of King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria. Heritage Images  / Getty Images The new colony was named Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria, the queen consort of Charles I. George Calvert had previously been involved in a settlement in Newfoundland but, finding the land inhospitable, hoped this new colony would be a financial success. Charles I, for his part, was to be given a share of the income that the new colony created. The first governor of the colony was Cecil Calverts brother, Leonard. Interestingly, although the Maryland Colony was ostensibly founded as a refuge for Catholics, only 17 of the original settlers were Catholic. The rest were Protestant indentured servants. The settlers arrived at St. Clements Island on March 25, 1634, and founded St. Marys City. They became heavily involved in the cultivation of tobacco, which was their primary cash crop along with wheat and corn. Over the next 15 years, the number of Protestant settlers steadily increased, and there was fear that religious liberty would be taken away from the Catholic population. The Act of Toleration was passed in 1649 by  Governor William Stone to protect those who believed in Jesus Christ. However, this act was repealed in 1654 when outright conflict occurred and the Puritans took control of the colony. Lord Baltimore actually lost his proprietary rights and it was some time before his family was able to regain control of Maryland. Anti-Catholic actions occurred in the colony all the way up until the 18th century. However, with an influx of Catholics into Baltimore, laws were once again created to help protect against religious persecution. Timeline June 20, 1632: King Charles I grants a charter for the Maryland Colony.March 25, 1634: The first group of settlers, led by Leonard Calvert, reach St. Clements Island in the Potomac River. They established St. Marys City, the first Maryland settlement.1642: The people of the Maryland Colony go to war against the Susquehannock  Indians; fighting will continue until the two groups sign a peace treaty in 1652.1649: Maryland passes the Maryland Toleration Act, which guarantees religious freedom to all Trinitarian Christians within the colony. A historical marker for the Mason–Dixon Line. PhilAugustavo  / Getty Images 1767: A border dispute between Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware results in the drawing of the Mason–Dixon line, which marks Marylands northern and eastern borders.1776: Maryland joins the rest of the 13 American colonies in a revolution against England.September 3, 1783: The American Revolution officially comes to a close with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.April 28, 1788: Maryland becomes the seventh state to be admitted to the United States.

Qualitative Research On The Human Aspect Of A Hypothesis

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Qualitative research focuses on understanding the human aspect of a hypothesis; it researches the human behavior and the perspectives of the subjects being observed. Quantitative research focuses on facts of a study through numbers and relies on fixed, measurable ideas. Qualitative research collects data through interviews, observations, and analyzed by theme or frame. Quantitative research collects data though measurable data collection and are analyzed in numerical and statistical comparisons (Criswell, 2015). Ethnography Design In research, ethnographic design is a qualitative research procedure for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a culture (Criswell, 2015). It focuses on the language, rules, language of life of a group of people to understand the cultural norms and ideas of the studied group. It can be a micro observation done for multiple cultures that can help clarify a macro problem. Through ethnographic research, a researcher can â€Å"frame the group as narrowly or as broadly as necessary. It provides a detailed idea of events through long-term access to build a detailed record and the research can be either an observer or a participant† (Criswell, 2015, p.466). The advantage of using ethnographic design to study the understanding of sexual safety among Texas college students is the ability to frame the students. It can be by class designations: freshmen, sophomore, juniors, seniors, graduate students, and doctoralShow MoreRelatedquantitative and qualitative research approach1200 Words   |  5 Pages The issue of quantitative and qualitative research approach has been discussed widely nowadays. Some people believe quantitative research approach is trustworthy than qualitative research approach. 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Babylon Revisited Free Essays

The question of whether or not Charlie Wales’ request to have his daughter returned to him is reasonable seems fairly clear. The fact that the story begins and ends in a bar, with the alcoholic protagonist struggling with his addiction seems an indication that his demon has not been slain. Ambiguities seen in the story lead a reader to think that perhaps at this point it is not reasonable. We will write a custom essay sample on Babylon Revisited or any similar topic only for you Order Now Charlie perceives his old haunts as less than glamorous in the cold light of sobriety, but still he feels compelled to go and look once more. Yet, while it seems that Charlie genuinely regrets his past the reader also is told that Charlie has lost his fortune, which could easily be the reason for his new mindset. One of the twin themes of this story is that a person is responsible for his own shortcomings, and must pay his dues, so to speak, being held accountable to others. Charlie says that he never had a problem with alcohol until he began to lose his fortune, appearing to be in classic denial. Charlie does not accept that his bouts of drunkenness are the reason why people such as Marion behave toward him as they do. He faults Marion’s lack of compassion and her intolerance for their discord. Everyone is out of step but Johnny, so to speak, and Charlie is not willing to accept that is likely his own actions that cause the rift between them. The story ends with Charlie sitting in a bar with drink in hand, which is a dangerous act for a recovering alcoholic. Though he has refused a second one, it is clear that he is not over his addiction. His life is a tragedy, yet he has not demonstrated the ability, by story’s end, to take responsibility for his own inadequacies, so the question of his being able to care for his young daughter seems moot. For the stated reasons, Charlie is not being reasonable in asking for custody of the child. How to cite Babylon Revisited, Papers

Innovative and Creative Food and Beverage †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Innovative and Creative Food and Beverage Outlet. Answer: Introduction The hospitality industry has increasingly become competitive. Therefore, the restaurant management fraternity in conjunction with the chefs should work towards innovating compelling, sophisticated customer needs and demands to attract new customers. This part highlights the definition of sustainability in the context of the hospitality industry, the importance of implementing sustainable practices, the different roles of sustainability-related organizations supporting the hospitality industry, the various areas of food and beverages products and services where sustainable practices can be implemented, and the effective ways of ensuring sustainable practices. Sustainability, therefore, can be defined as the practices that are aimed at meeting the current needs without compromising the future generations' ability to respond to their needs (Forster, 2013). Sustainability approaches aim at making policies that place particular emphasis on sectored niches and seeking for economic integration, social, and environmental concerns. Sustainability related organizations supporting the hospitality industry play various important roles in ensuring sustainability. For example, organizations such as the UN gather knowledge and data to enable performance of its normative mandate on global issues. It tackles contentious issues such as biofuel support and export restrictions head-on and advocates for the adoption of the environment-friendly practices in across various industries including the hotel industry. Furthermore, the organizations can support intergovernmental decision-making aimed at sustainability as well as play the financing role to the sustai nability development (Evans, 2012). In return, sustainability should include practical strategies for achieving the set sustainable visions and objectives, verification and distinction of actual needs and wants and evaluation of the effectiveness and outcomes of the sustainable program. The factors that will be considered for sustainability include the three Rs, (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), buy locally in bulk, minimization of food waste, signature menu, service and atmosphere, and special promotions. The three Rs mantra is aimed at conserving the environment by the management of solid waste and other types of wastes. The hotel industry disposes a lot of solid waste on a daily basis which, without proper mitigation practices, will lead to environmental degradation as well as losses in profits. This is aimed at achieving a sustainable solid waste management. Reduce refers to the practices aimed at avoiding waste at the source in order to minimize as much as possible, the quantity of waste that requires disposal or treatment before disposal (National Environmental Agency, n.d). Reuse, on the other hand, refers to the usage of materials over and over again, either for its initial purpose or another significant purpose without changing its physical form (National Environmental Agency, n.d). Recycling refers to the transformation of a waste material into a form that can be used again which may not be necessarily similar to the original form (National Environmental Agency, n.d). One of the advantages of practicing 3 Rs is that improved resource efficiency and reduced disposal costs are likely to be achieved. Restaurants use and pay for several resources which can be translated into sales revenue. It is a requirement for the generated waste to be treated before disposal, further translating to costs. Minimization of wastes helps in reducing operations costs of business, leading to improved resource efficiency and profits. Restaurants can use various ways to ensure sustainability in the Food and Beverage industry. For instance, the use of solar energy as a green energy; this saves the environment as well as reducing the costs of using other means of energy (Bruns-Smith et al. 2015). Besides, hotels can aerate the water; reduce the pressure and consumption. Hotels and restaurants can work to eliminate waste at source, such as a choice on whether to provide guests amenities in dispensers rather than as individually wrapped items (Baker, 2006). Whats more, the hospitality industry can make bulk purchases for items such as food and cleaning chemicals locally. This saves on extra resources that would have been used in otherwise. Even as bulk purchases are made, the industry should ensure it minimizes food wastage. The following are the key ways of reducing food wastage; incorporate initial steps such as planning to avoid and reduce over purchasing, integrate storage by adopting the FIFO system for stored food. Another step is to donate surplus foods instead of disposing of them. Hotels can also provide training on proper waste management practices as proposed by Foodwisehk (2013). Restaurants should ensure to have a signature menu, service, and atmosphere. Pavesic (1998) shares that high-end restaurants offer excellent food, quality service, quality preparation and quality atmosphere; and in return high-end pricing. Pavesic (1998) continues to state prices charged by the food industries should not only cover the costs but return proceeds as well. Prices influence customer traffic and sales revenues. Therefore, the prices charged, should not only be focused on gaining enormous contribution, but it should be a price that the public can deem as being fair and reasonable. Furthermore, incorporating sustainable special promotions in the business values the company higher. Such sustainable practice interests the community. These efforts can attract the community members, thus making the hotels maintain a competitive edge(Nilsen, 2015). References Baker, C. (2006). A welcome sign: Hotels adopt reuse and recycling. Waste management world. Retrieved from https://waste-management-world.com/a/a-welcome-sign-hotels-adopt-reuse-and-recycling Bruns-Smith, A., Choy, V., Chong, H., Verma, R. (2015). Environmental Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Best Practices, Guest Participation, and Customer Satisfaction, vol. 15, no. 3. Retrieved from https://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199context=chrpubs Evans, A. (2012). The UNs role on sustainable development. Centre on international cooperation. Retrieved from https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/evans_sustainable_development.pdf Foodwisehk. (2013). Food Waste Reduction Good Practice Guide for Hotel Sector. Food wise hong kong campaign. Retrieved from https://www.foodwisehk.gov.hk/pdf/GPGuide_Hotel_en.pdf Forster, A. (2013). Sustainability: Best Practices in the Food Industry. Pp. 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/pdf/2013/forster.alexandra.marketing.pdf National Environmental Agency, (n.d). 3R Guidebook for Hotels. Singapore Hotel Association. Retrieved from https://www.nea.gov.sg/docs/default-source/energy-waste/recycling/3r-guidebook-for-hotels Nilsen, I. A. (2015). Indirect Cost Factors In Menu Pricing. Digital commons, pp. 1-52. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1155context=honorscollege_theses Pavesic, V. D. (1998). Indirect Cost Factors In Menu Pricing. Digital commons, pp. 13-20. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124context=hospitalityreview